電子工作７８ – アルミ鍋と電気コンロを使う6種類の時間モード・タイマー付き室内加温・加湿システムの製作
Electronics Project 78 -
Humidifying & Heating-up Room with Steam Generated from Aluminum Pot and
Electric Stove Under Control of Presettable Timer
概要
また冬がやって来た。部屋は冷えるし、乾燥する。そこで、部屋を温めると同時に加湿する目的で、アルミ鍋と電気コンロを使って暖房し加湿するシステムを作ることにした。鍋の水が全て蒸発した時に電気コンロへの通電を自動的に停止するために、前の電子工作５１の簡易タイマーと温度センサーを組み合わせ、さらに、プログラムの一部を改良して使った。これで鍋の空焚きを気にせずにすむ。タイマーでは、３０分、１、２、３、４、５時間の６つの時間モードが選択できる。
Here in Tokyo, winter is cold and dry.
To heat up and humidifying my room, I built a simple appliance system in which
an aluminum pot and an electric stove are used to generate steam and heat,
combined with the use of the presettable 6-time mode timer (Electronics Project
51 in Japanese). It was the key point how to stop the AC100V power supply to
the electric stove when water in the pot is died up. To solve this problem, I
installed a thermo sensor to the pot’s outer wall. When the wall temperature
increases to a predetermined temperature (depending on a resistor value used),
the output level of the thermo sensor turns from Low (0V) to High (5.0V) that
is detected by 16F688, stopping the power supply to the stove. So, you have no
worry about the overheating of both pot and stove.
回路図 Circuit
Diagram
下に回路図を示す。 前の電子工作５１のものとほぼ同じである。ただ、今回は温度センサー（TC６２２EPA）からの信号を取り込むために１６F６８８のRA5（Pin2）が使われている。元々、このタイマーは６つの時間設定ができ、モードSWで“時間が来たらONだった出力をOFFにする”、または、“OFFだった出力を時間が来たらONにする”という機能のものである。鍋に取り付ける温度センサーが動作するのは“時間が来たらONだった出力をOFFにする”というモードの場合のみである。
Following is the
circuit diagram of the humidifying and heating-up system for my room. The
presettable 6-time mode timer used here was built several years ago. This
6-time mode timer was built to turn off or turn on AC100V electric appliances
after the end of one of the presettable times (30min, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5hrs). As the
internal clock based software timers (Counting up and down of PicBasic’s Pause
command) are used, initially they were thought to be not accurate. Later found
they are surprisingly reasonably accurate as shown below:
|
Set time |
30 min |
1 hr |
2 hrs |
3 hrs |
4 hrs |
5 hrs |
|
Measured time |
29m 59s |
60m 1s |
1hrs 59m 57s |
2hrs 59m 55s |
3hrs 59m 46s |
? |
(Each data based on one
measurement)
While a time mode
is being selected, the corresponding LED indicator lights up. It is possible to
change that time mode to any other time mode by turning the 100K VR knob. A new
time counting up or down starts from there immediately. To detect the output
level change of the thermo sensor, a minor modification is made for the
original program.
(Fig.1)
温度調整出来る電気コンロ（１２００W）の上にアルミ鍋（直径１８cm、高さ９cm、容量１．７L）が載せてあり、その上部外壁に温度センサがセットしてある。そこから出ている３本線が下にある簡易タイマー（電子工作５１で製作したもので、SSRの容量を２５Aに大きくしてある）に接続してある。
An aluminum pot (diameter
18cm, height9cm, volume1.7L) containing water is heated to generate steam by an
electric stove (max 1200W, with the control knob). When water is dried up, the
temperature of the pot increases rapidly and the thermo sensor attached to the
upper outer wall of the pot detects the temperature increased over its turnover
temperature determined by a resistor value, sending the level change signal
(Low to High) to 16F688 of the simple timer shown below. As a result, the
system stops functioning while lighting up Flashing LED.
(Photo 1)
アルミ鍋の外側上部にセットして温度を検知する温度センサー、このICの上部が接触して温度を検知する。右の写真は使用する抵抗の値とこのICの出力が反転する温度の関係を示す。
Thermo sensor TC622EPA (–40
to +85 degree C); its upper surface directly contacts with the upper outer
surface of aluminum pot for measurement. The right
photo shows the relationship between resistor values used and temperatures at
which the output level of the IC turns over (for example, 150K ohm to 65
degrees C).
(Photo 3)
(Photo 2)
上の写真では基板に載った８ピンの温度センサICが見える。その上部面がアルミ鍋の表面に直接接触する。下の写真はその裏側で検知温度を設定するための２００K VRがあり、５V電源、GND、出力のための３本の線が出ていて１６F６８８につながる。
The upper photo shows the thermo sensor
mounted on the circuit board, of which upper surface contacts with the outer
wall surface of the pot. The lower photo shows the back side of the board on
which a 200K VR is mounted to set up a turnover temperature that determines the
stoppage of the system.
(Photo 4)
基板に載った温度センサがプラスチック製のクリップでアルミ鍋の外壁に固く密着さえられている。ICの頭部が検温部になっている。
With a plastic clip, the upper part of thermo sensor mounted on
circuit board is forced to evenly contact with the outer wall surface of
aluminum pot.’s upper section.
(Photo 5)
結果＆コメント
１） ほぼ予想通り動作することが分かった。
２） 電子工作５１のプログラムをちょっとだけ変えることによって温度センサーの入力を受け付けるようになった。
３） 時々温度センサーからの信号を検知しないことがあった。冷却ファンにキャパを入れたり、温度センサーまでのケーブルをまっすぐ伸ばしたりしている。外部からのノイズが問題のようだ。
４） 温度センサーで、ある温度（今回は１５０K ohmに設定）になったら検知して、その出力信号を利用するというのも目的の一つなので、実際にこのシステムを製作してみてハードとソフトのことが良くわかった。
５） 製作にでは家にあったものを使ったので、ほかに１００円ショップでアルミ鍋を購入するぐらいで済んだ。
Results and
Comments
1) The system works
well. It can humidify and warms up my room. Even I happens to fall in sleep, it
will be safe because the timer stops the system when a set time period expires
or the water in the pot dries up by evaporation, with help of thermo sensor
attached to the wall of aluminum pot.
2) It is my main
interest to include the thermo sensor detecting function into the program of my
old timer. With the inclusion of a couple of lines into the old program, my aim
was achieved.
3) The key
components Thermo sensor (TC622EPA) and 16F688 only
cost 90 and 120 yen, respectively.
プログラム
今回のプログラムは、前の電子工作51の簡易タイマーのプログラムを温度センサーからの入力を受け入れることが出来るように一部変えたものである。具体的には“時間が来たらONだった出力をOFFにする”モードの６種類の時間の各カウントルーチンの中にIf Tempsensor=1 Then Finishing1 という１行を入れてある。アルミ鍋の水が全て蒸発して鍋壁に取り付けたある温度センサーがその設定温度を超えた時の出力のLowからHighへの変化を捉えてFinishing1へ飛ばしシステムを終了させる。なお、“OFFだった出力を時間が来たらONにする”モードでは温度センサーを検知する機能は持たせていない。
Program
This program was used in the previous Electronics
Project 51 written in Japanese (its program: SimpleTimer16F688A.bas). The E..Proj. 51
is a simple presettable timer of which main functions: 1) You can set any one
of 30min, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5hrs time periods at a time; 2) By changing Mode SW, you
can select Turn OFF or ON mode in which the system turns off or on when a set
time expires; 3) A time period (one of the described 6 time periods) chosen can
be changed freely to any other time period by turning VR 100K knob while
referring to 6 LED indicators, and then a new time counting starts immediately
afterward; 4) If the system stops due to the end of time counting or the
detection of a temperature higher than a preset one (depending on resistor
value) by the thermo sensor, the flashing LED lights up to inform the stoppage
of the system. To restart the system, simply press Reset SW.
'****************************************************************
'SimpleTimer16F688Ahumi.bas - 2015.1.20 modified for humidifier works OK!
'Using Picbasic Pro V2.50A and 16F688
'Internal clock 4MHz used
'Timer - ON or OFF when time expires (30 min, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 hours – 6 time settings)
'Thermo sensor was added to the system.
'********Pin connections************
'Pin 1: Vdd (5V)
'Pin 14: Vss (GND)
'Pin 2: PORTA.5: input - connected to temp. sensor (new 15.1.20)
'Pin 3: PORTA.4: output - connected to flashing LED via 1K
'Pin 4: PORTA.3: input - connected to MCLR
'Pin 5: PORTC.5: output - connected to LED1
'Pin 6: PORTC.4: output - connected to LED2
'Pin 7: PORTC.3: output - connected to LED3
'Pin 8: PORTC.2: output - connected to LED4
'Pin 9: PORTC.1: output - connected to LED5
'Pin 10: PORTC.0: output - connected to LED6
'Pin 11: PORTA.2: input - connected to Mode SW
'Pin 12: PORTA.1: output - connected to SSR
'Pin 13: PORTA.0: input - analogue input of 0-5.0V from VR 100K
'Power supply - AC adaptor 3.5 - 5.5V 200mA
'****** Program ********
Define ADC_BITS 10 '10-bit ADC used
Define ADC_CLOCK 3 'Internal clock used ?
Define ADC_SAMPLEUS 50 'Sample timing
ADCON0=%10000011
'=131 (decimal) 'bit7=1(right justified),bit6=0(volt refer-Vdd),
'bit5-4=0(unimplemented),bit3-2=00(channel0-An0),
'bit1=1(starts right away),bit0=1(on operation)
ANSEL=%00000001 'AN0 of A/D used
CMCON0=7 'turns off comparator function
TRISA=%00101101 'A0 - 0-5.0V input from divider, A5 - input from temp. sensor
TRISC=%00000000 'all are outputs
Vin var word 'AD input value from VR 100K
ModeSWInput var PORTA.2 'Mode SW input from Mode SW (ON or OFF when time expires)
Tempsensor var PORTA.5 'Tempsensor - ON/OFF (two input modes) (new 15.1.13)
SSRSW var PORTA.1 'SSRSW - ON/OFF of SSR
FlashLED var PORTA.4 'flashing LED to indicate the expiring of time
LED1 var PORTC.5 'ON/OFF of LED1
LED2 var PORTC.4 'ON/OFF of LED2
LED3 var PORTC.3 'ON/OFF of LED3
LED4 var PORTC.2 'ON/OFF of LED4
LED5 var PORTC.1 'ON/OFF of LED5
LED6 var PORTC.0 'ON/OFF of LED6
m var word
n var byte
SSRSW=0
FlashLED=0
Tempsensor=0 '(new 15.1.13)
Loop:
Adcin 0, Vin
Pause 5 'Wait 5ms
'Selecting voltage range (5V - 1024/6 fractions=171)
If (171>=Vin) then LED1ON '171 - 5V - 30 min
If (171<Vin) and (Vin=<341) then LED2ON '341 -
If (341<Vin) and (Vin=<512) then LED3ON '512 -
If (512<Vin) and (Vin=<683) then LED4ON '683 -
If (683<Vin) and (Vin=<854) then LED5ON '854 -
If (854<Vin) then LED6ON '>854 - 0V - 5 hrs
'Indicating selected voltage ranges on LED1-6
LED1ON: High LED1: Low LED2: Low LED3: Low LED4: Low LED5: Low LED6
If ModeSWInput=0 then LED1Tcount
Goto LED1TcountDown
LED2ON: Low LED1: High LED2: Low LED3: Low LED4: Low LED5: Low LED6
If ModeSWInput=0 then LED2Tcount
Goto LED2TcountDown
LED3ON: Low LED1: Low LED2: High LED3: Low LED4: Low LED5: Low LED6
If ModeSWInput=0 then LED3Tcount
Goto LED3TcountDown
LED4ON: Low LED1: Low LED2: Low LED3: High LED4: Low LED5: Low LED6
If ModeSWInput=0 then LED4Tcount
Goto LED4TcountDown
LED5ON: Low LED1: Low LED2: Low LED3: Low LED4: High LED5: Low LED6
If ModeSWInput=0 then LED5Tcount
Goto LED5TcountDown
LED6ON: Low LED1: Low LED2: Low LED3: Low LED4: Low LED5: High LED6
If ModeSWInput=0 then LED6Tcount
Goto LED6TcountDown
'Counting time
LED1Tcount: '30 min OFF when time expires
High SSRSW 'SSR -> ON
For m=1 to 176 '30 min adjusted after actual measurement (180 in theory)
For n=1 to 40 '10 sec
Adcin 0, Vin
Pause 5 'Wait 5ms
If (171>=Vin) then
Pause 250 '250 ms
Else
Goto Loop
Endif
IF Tempsensor=1 Then Finishing1 'If tem.sensor activates, jump to Finishing1 (new 15.1.20)
Next n
Next m
Low SSRSW 'SSR -> OFF
Goto Finishing
LED1TcountDown: '30 min Turning ON when time expires
Low SSRSW 'SSR -> OFF
For m=1 to 176 '30 min adjusted after actual measurement (180 in theory)
For n=1 to 40 '10 sec
Adcin 0, Vin
Pause 5 'Wait 5ms
If (171>=Vin) then
Pause 250 '250 ms
Else
Goto Loop
Endif
Next n
Next m
High SSRSW 'SSR -> ON
Goto Finishing
LED2Tcount: '1 hour
High SSRSW 'SSR -> ON
For m=1 to 352 '176 x 2
For n=1 to 40 '10 sec
Adcin 0, Vin
Pause 5 'Wait 5ms
If (171<Vin) and (Vin=<341) then
Pause 250 '250 ms
Else
Goto Loop
Endif
IF Tempsensor=1 Then Finishing1 '(new 15.1.20)
Next n
Next m
Low SSRSW 'SSR -> OFF
Goto Finishing
LED2TcountDown: '1 hour
Low SSRSW 'SSR -> OFF
For m=1 to 352 '1 hour
For n=1 to 40 '10 sec
Adcin 0, Vin
Pause 5 'Wait 5ms
If (171<Vin) and (Vin=<341) then
Pause 250 '250 ms
Else
Goto Loop
Endif
Next n
Next m
High SSRSW 'SSR -> ON
Goto Finishing
LED3Tcount: '2 hours
High SSRSW 'SSR -> ON
For m=1 to 704 ' 2 hours (352 x 2)
For n=1 to 40 '10 sec
Adcin 0, Vin
Pause 5 'Wait 5ms
If (341<Vin) and (Vin=<512) then
Pause 250 '250 ms
Else
Goto Loop
Endif
IF Tempsensor=1 Then Finishing1 '(new 15.1.20)
Next n
Next m
Low SSRSW 'SSR -> OFF
Goto Finishing
LED3TcountDown: '2 hours
low SSRSW 'SSR -> OFF
For m=1 to 704
For n=1 to 40 '10 sec
Adcin 0, Vin
Pause 5 'Wait 5ms
If (341<Vin) and (Vin=<512) then
Pause 250 '250 ms
Else
Goto Loop
Endif
Next n
Next m
High SSRSW 'SSR -> ON
Goto Finishing
LED4Tcount: '3 hours
High SSRSW 'SSR -> ON
For m=1 to 1056
For n=1 to 40 '10 sec
Adcin 0, Vin
Pause 5 'Wait 5ms
If (512<Vin) and (Vin=<683) then
Pause 250 '250 ms
Else
Goto Loop
Endif
IF Tempsensor=1 Then Finishing1 '(new 15.1.20)
Next n
Next m
Low SSRSW 'SSR -> OFF
Goto Finishing
LED4TcountDown: '3 hours
Low SSRSW 'SSR -> OFF
For m=1 to 1056
For n=1 to 40 '10 sec
Adcin 0, Vin
Pause 5 'Wait 5ms
If (512<Vin) and (Vin=<683) then
Pause 250 '250 ms
Else
Goto Loop
Endif
Next n
Next m
High SSRSW 'SSR -> ON
Goto Finishing
LED5Tcount: '4 hours
High SSRSW 'SSR -> ON
For m=1 to 1408
For n=1 to 40 '10 sec
Adcin 0, Vin
Pause 5 'Wait 5ms
If (683<Vin) and (Vin=<854) then
Pause 250 '250 ms
Else
Goto Loop
Endif
IF Tempsensor=1 Then Finishing1 '(new 15.1.20)
Next n
Next m
Low SSRSW 'SSR -> OFF
Goto Finishing
LED5TcountDown: '4 hours
Low SSRSW 'SSR -> OFF
For m=1 to 1408
For n=1 to 40 '10 sec
Adcin 0, Vin
Pause 5 'Wait 5ms
If (683<Vin) and (Vin=<854) then
Pause 250 '250 ms
Else
Goto Loop
Endif
Next n
Next m
High SSRSW 'SSR -> ON
Goto Finishing
LED6Tcount: '5 hours
High SSRSW 'SSR -> ON
For m=1 to 1760
For n=1 to 40 '10 sec
Adcin 0, Vin
Pause 5 'Wait 5ms
If (854<Vin) then
Pause 250 '250 ms
Else
Goto Loop
Endif
IF Tempsensor=1 Then Finishing1 '(new 15.1.20)
Next n
Next m
Low SSRSW 'SSR -> OFF
Goto Finishing
LED6TcountDown: '5 hours
Low SSRSW 'SSR -> OFF
For m=1 to 1760
For n=1 to 40 '10 sec
Adcin 0, Vin
Pause 5 'Wait 5ms
If (854<Vin) then
Pause 250 '250 ms
Else
Goto Loop
Endif
Next n
Next m
High SSRSW 'SSR -> ON
Goto Finishing
Finishing: 'Coming here when time counting expires and lighting up Flashing LED
High FlashLED
End
Finishing1: 'Coming here when the level-change signal from thermo sensor is detected
High FlashLED
LOW SSRSW
End
'****** End of Program ********
'Note:
'melabs U2 Programmer's
configurations: 16F688
'FOSC – INTOSCIO; WDTE - Enable; Power-up Timer – Enable; 'MCLRpin – Reset ; BODEN -
Enable; Internal External Switch Over – Enable,
'Fail-Safe Clock Monitor – Enable, CD - Disable; Data EPPROM – Disable
'**************************************************
Menu Page へ戻る (Return to Menu Page)
Top へ戻る (Return to Top of Page)